This paper, “Towards an Unemployment Insurance Scheme in Bangladesh: A Preliminary Feasibility Assessment,” examines the prospects and challenges of introducing unemployment protection within Bangladesh’s social security framework. Despite progress in poverty reduction, the absence of unemployment insurance (UI) leaves workers highly vulnerable to sudden job loss, a reality underscored by the COVID-19 crisis. The study reviews international standards, cross-country practices, and Bangladesh’s policy commitments under the National Social Security Strategy (NSSS). Findings highlight several critical barriers, including the dominance of informal employment, inadequate institutional capacity, weak legal frameworks, and limited active labour market policies (ALMPs). The assessment also identifies gaps in social dialogue and employment databases that constrain effective design and implementation. At the same time, opportunities exist through phased coverage starting with the formal sector, digital payment systems, and the gradual integration of ALMPs. The paper argues that advancing a viable UI scheme will require incremental reforms, strengthened institutions, and consensus-driven policymaking to ensure income security, enhance resilience, and promote inclusive economic growth in Bangladesh.