This research paper, “Barriers of Accessing Social Protection Programmes for the Poor and Marginalized,” investigates the impediments faced by poor and marginalized communities in Bangladesh when trying to access Social Safety Net Programs (SSPs). Despite significant strides in poverty reduction, millions remain vulnerable, and SSPs are crucial for their upliftment. The study, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods, identifies pervasive barriers. Key findings highlight substantial targeting inefficiencies, including significant exclusion and inclusion errors, where eligible individuals are overlooked. Supply-side challenges such as fund insufficiency, corruption, discretionary power of local officials, and political interference are prominent. Additionally, demand-side barriers like lack of awareness and social stigma deter participation. The paper advocates for comprehensive institutional reforms, improved targeting mechanisms, and enhanced local accountability to strengthen SSP accessibility and effectiveness for vulnerable populations.