This document explains how Bangladesh’s rapid urbanization, driven by industrialization and rural distress, has created new dimensions of poverty and vulnerability in cities. While the 2015 National Social Security Strategy (NSSS) recognized these challenges, it offered little guidance on urban-specific interventions. Urban poor households face limited access to housing, healthcare, utilities, and social services, often experiencing harsher conditions than rural counterparts. To address these gaps, the Action Plan outlines measures for expanding programmes into urban areas, introducing social insurance, and strengthening labour market interventions. It emphasizes integrating urban-focused schemes into the national protection framework, unifying fragmented programmes, and adopting innovations such as single registries, digital transfers, and conditional cash schemes. Ultimately, the plan envisions inclusive, resilient, and equitable urban social protection.