A core aim of this paper is to situate the discussion of food security and livelihoods approaches in the broader context of the evolution and application of livelihoods approaches across departments within FAO and elsewhere, and draw practical lessons for FIVIMS. This Annex provides some initial background on linkages between concepts of food security and livelihoods and issues surrounding the use of livelihoods approaches in measurement. It highlights a number of possible applications in FIVIMS and issues that need to be addressed.