The report, “Results Architecture and Integrated Performance Monitoring and Learning Systems for Social Policy Systems,” prepared under the Social Protection Policy Support (SPPS) Programme, presents a comprehensive assessment of Bangladesh’s existing monitoring, evaluation, accountability, and learning (MEAL) arrangements under the National Social Security Strategy (NSSS) and proposes an integrated results-based performance management framework for the next phase of the NSSS (2026+). The study reviews the progress, achievements, and institutional challenges associated with the implementation of the NSSS since 2015, focusing on results measurement, programme monitoring, institutional coordination, digital information systems, grievance redress, evaluation practices, and evidence-based policymaking. It acknowledges significant progress in establishing monitoring frameworks, developing Management Information Systems (MIS), introducing digital Government-to-Person (G2P) payments, strengthening beneficiary verification, and improving national reporting mechanisms. However, the assessment identifies persistent challenges, including fragmented data systems, inconsistent reporting, inadequate baseline information, limited interoperability, insufficient evaluation coverage, and gaps in institutional capacity and accountability. To address these challenges, the report proposes a comprehensive results architecture incorporating a Theory of Change, clearly defined strategic outcomes, measurable performance indicators, institutional responsibilities, data quality standards, and structured reporting and evaluation mechanisms. It emphasises the integration of programme-level monitoring with national strategic oversight, improved coordination among government institutions, strengthened digital interoperability, and systematic incorporation of beneficiary feedback and grievance redress information. The proposed framework also highlights the importance of independent evaluations, transparent public reporting, regular performance reviews, and stronger linkages between monitoring findings, policy decisions, national planning, and budget allocations. By establishing a coordinated and evidence-driven monitoring and learning system, the report aims to support effective implementation of the next NSSS, strengthen institutional accountability, improve social protection programme performance, and contribute to a more inclusive, efficient, transparent, and responsive social protection system in Bangladesh.