Social Security Policy Support (SSPS) Programme

An initiative of the Cabinet Division and the General Economics Division (GED), Bangladesh Planning Commission, Government of Bangladesh
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Food as a Human Right

At present about 135 million people are living below the poverty line. Most of them live in the Asia Pacific region and Sub Saharan Africa. The recent food price hike along with the global financial crisis and economic recession lead to an increase of the number of hungry and unnourished people in the world. The research conducted by the International Food Policy and Research Institute (IFPRI) reveals that South Asia has the highest regional Global Hunger Index score (22.6) in 2011.

In Bangladesh, about 25% of the population is ultra poor and only about 7% of the population has access to social safety net programs. The Hunger map of FAO marks Bangladesh in high zone (with a proportion of undernourishment at 27%) and IFPRI marks it at alarming zone through GHI index analysis. Undoubtedly Bangladesh has made significant progress in boosting national food production over the last decades. The country has also introduced new initiatives such us “Input Distribution Card” to nine million holder farmers to obtain agricultural subsidies. However, a large portion of the population still lacks access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food. A recent research done by Action Aid (‘On the Brink: Who’s Best Prepared for a Climate Change and Hunger Crisis?’) reveals that among 28 developing countries, Bangladesh has ranked fifth most vulnerable countries to climate change and hunger.

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Journey Towards Equitable Society: Social Security Budget Report 2025-26

This report, prepared by the Social Security Policy Support Programme (SSPS), presents an analysis of Bangladesh’s FY 2025–26 Social Protection Budget. It examines allocation patterns, programme composition, and policy directions while comparing trends with the FY 2024–25 budget. Social protection has become central to Bangladesh’s development strategy, addressing poverty, inequality, demographic shifts, and climate vulnerability, while promoting resilience, human development, and inclusive growth. The FY 2025–26 national budget totals BDT 7,90,000 crore, of which BDT 1,16,731 crore (USD 9.57 billion) is allocated to social protection—14.78% of the total budget and 1.87% of GDP. Programmes cover diverse groups, including the elderly, persons with disabilities, children, and vulnerable households, guided by the National Social Security Strategy’s lifecycle-based framework. Key developments include consolidation of programmes from 140 to 95 for greater efficiency, expanded digitization through Government-to-Person (G2P) payments and the Dynamic Single Registry, and a shift toward cash-based assistance with graduation models that combine financial support, skills training, and livelihoods. The analysis highlights alignment with the NSSS vision while addressing challenges such as inflation, urban-rural disparities, and targeting errors. By providing evidence-based insights, this report aims to inform policy, strengthen resource allocation, and support the creation of an inclusive and resilient social security system.